Small dairy farms are going to be the main model in the China dairy production system. The ration ingredient is composed of concentrate feed and crop stalk. However, there are two kinds of problems with this system, i.e. low milk output and weak unhealthy cows. In order to seek the way to solve this problem, one experiment, using alfalfa hay in place of crop stalk (1kg, 2 kg, 3kg daily), has been done in Mingyi Yang and Yucai Yang dairy farm, Dongshuangtang village, Tianjing. Forty cows were selected, and divided into 4 treatments. The experiment lasted 40 days. Ten head days was arranged as primary experiment stage with the rest of it as the formal experiment stage. The experiment was conducted from February 10 - March 20, 1995. The experiment result is as follows: 1) Using alfalfa hay as an alternative to crop stalk in the diet can clearly raise milk quantity. Each treatment increased milk daily, with the baseline being 0.078, 0.268, 1.681, 1.509kg/h , respectively. The No. 3 treatment is the highest. Per kilogram alfalfa hay alternative can produce 0.809kg more milk. While No. 2 and No. 4 were 0.268kg. Increasing quantity had a larger effect on the cows with high lactating level than low lactating level; 2) There are not significant deference on the milk specific gravity, milk fat content, as well as milk dry matter content among the treatments during the experiment; 3) There are significant differences on the serum selenium and the activity of glutathion peroxidase in whole blood (GSH-PX) among the 4 treatments. The GSH PX activity is statistically different after 7 days from the beginning of the experiment until the end of experiment, while the serum selenium indicate significant differences on 14 days after the experiment began, and keeps the same state until the end. There are no statistical difference among the treatments on the blood chemistry (Ca, P, Mg, Zn), the activity of serum enzymology (AST, ALT, GGTP, ALP, LDH, HBDH), the serum protein (TP, ALB, GLOB, ALB), etc.

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